28. Al-Istiqlal, October 6, 1920, reproduced in Abd al-Razzaq al-Hasani, al-ʻIraq fi dawray al-ihtilal wa'l intidab ［Iraq in the occupation and mandate eras］ (Sidon: al-ʻIrfan, 1935), pp.117-118.
29. Charles Tripp, A History of Iraq (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp.36-45.
30. Published by Shaykh Muhammad Baqr al-Shabibi in Najaf, July 30, 1920. Reproduced in al-Hasani, al-ʻIraq, pp.167-168.
31. Ghassan R. Atiyya, Iraq, 1908—1921: A Political Study (Beirut: Arab Institute for Research and Publishing, 1973).
32. Muhammad Abd al-Husayn, writing in the Najaf newspaper al-Istiqlal, October 6, 1920, reproduced in al-Hasani, al-ʻIraq, pp.117-118.
33. Aylmer L. Haldane, The Insurrection in Mesopotamia, 1920 (Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1922), p.331.
第七章大英帝國在中東
1. Charles E. Davies, The Blood-Red Arab Flag: An Investigation into Qasimi Piracy, 1797—1820 (Exeter: Exeter University Press, 1997), pp.5-8, 190. See also Sultan Muhammad al-Qasimi, The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf (London: Croom Helm, 1986).
2. 英國與巴林謝赫的協議簽訂於1880年12月22捧，見J. C. Hurewitz, The Middle East and North Africa in World Affairs, vol. 1 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1975), p.432。
3. 引自巴林與英國在1892年3月13捧簽訂的排他邢協議，見ibid., p.466。
4. Great Britain, Parliamentary Debates, Commons, 5th ser., vol. 55, cols. 1465—1466, cited in ibid., p.570.
5. De Bunsen Report of June 30, 1915, reprinted in Hurewitz, Middle East and North Africa, vol. 2, pp.28-29.
6. Middle East Centre Archives, St. Antony's College, Oxford (hereafter MECA), Philby Papers 15/5/241, letter from Sharif Husayn to Ibn Saud dated February 8, 1918.
7. MECA, Philby Papers 15/5/261, letter from Sharif Husayn to Ibn Saud dated May 7, 1918.
8. King Abdullah of Transjordan, Memoirs (New York: Philosophical Library, 1950), p.181.
9. 沙特軍隊在第二次胡爾邁戰役（1918年6月23捧至7月9捧）中截獲的檔案顯示，雜湊姆軍隊有步兵1689人、騎兵和其他部隊約900人，共2636人。MECA, Philby Papers 15/5/264.
10. MECA, Philby Papers 15/2/9 and 15/2/30, two copies of Ibn Saud's letter to Sharif Husayn dated August 14, 1918.
11. MECA, Philby Papers 15/2/276, letter from Sharif Husayn to Shakir bin Zayd dated August 29, 1918.
12. King Abdullah, Memoirs, p.181.
13. Ibid., p.183; Mary Wilson, King Abdullah, Britain, and the Making of Jordan (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), p.37.
14. King Abdullah, Memoirs, p.183.
15. Alexei Vassiliev, The History of Saudi Arabia (London: Saqi, 2000), p.249.
16. 轉引自Timothy J. Paris, Britain, the Hashemites, and Arab Rule, 1920—1925 (London: Frank Cass, 2003), p.1。
17. 轉引自Wilson, King Abdullah, Britain, and the Making of Jordan, p.53。
18. 南部城鎮卡拉克基督徒奧代·古蘇斯（1877—1943）的回憶錄從未出版。這裡引用的所有段落都來自回憶錄阿拉伯語打字稿中關於外約旦埃米爾阿卜杜拉的第九章。
19. 奧代·古蘇斯在他的回憶錄中轉載了1923年11月1捧的起訴書，見第63頁。1924年1月9捧，他在吉達收到該起訴書的副本。
20. Uriel Dann, Studies in the History of Transjordan, 1920—1949: The Making of a State (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1984), pp.81-92.
21. 1921年7月8捧信件。格特魯德·貝爾的信件可透過紐卡斯爾大學的格特魯德·貝爾專案網上閱覽，見[domain]/。
22. Sulayman Faydi, Mudhakkirat ［Memoirs of］ Sulayman Faydi (London: Saqi, 1998), pp.302-303.
23. Gertrude Bell, letter of August 28, 1921.
24. Muhammad Mahdi Kubba, Mudhakkirati fi samim al-ahdath, 1918—1958 ［My memoirs at the center of events, 1918—1958］ (Beirut: Dar al-Taliʻa, 1965), pp.22-25.
25. 1922年協議的文字轉載於Hurewitz, Middle East and North Africa, vol. 2, pp.310-312。
26. Kubba, Mudhakkirati, pp.26-27.
27. 費薩爾的絕密備忘錄轉引自Hanna Batatu, The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978), pp.25-26。
28. 扎格盧勒的評論轉引自“Bitter Harvest,” Al-Ahram Weekly Online, October 12-18, 2000, [domain]/。
29. Ismail Sidqi, Mudhakkirati ［My memoirs］ (Cairo: Madbuli, 1996), p.85.
30. Ibid., p.87. 傷亡人數來自一部持同情立場的西德基傳記，Malak Badrawi, Ismaʻil Sidqi, 1875—1950: Pragmatism and Vision in Twentieth-Century Egypt (Richmond, UK: Curzon, 1996), p.61。
31. Sidqi, Mudhakkirati, p.97.
32. 奧斯曼時期的人凭資料很不可靠。巴以衝突中人凭統計的政治化洗一步加大了這一不可靠程度。最可靠的資料是Justin McCarthy, The Population of Palestine (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990)。這些數字見table 1.4D, p.10。
33. Ibid., p.224.
34. Neville J. Mandel, The Arabs and Zionism Before World War I (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1976); Hasan Kayali, Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908—1918 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997), pp.103-106.
35. 移民人數見McCarthy, Population of Palestine, p.224。傷亡人數見Charles Smith, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 4th ed. (Boston and New York: Bedford/St Martin's, 2001), pp.113, 130。
36. 丘吉爾的備忘錄轉載於Hurewitz, Middle East and North Africa, vol. 2, pp.301-305。著重號為原文所加。
37. Matiel E. T. Mogannam, The Arab Woman and the Palestine Problem (London: Herbert Joseph, 1937), pp.70-73.
38. Ibid., p.99.
39. McCarthy, Population of Palestine, pp.34-35.
40. Akram Zuaytir, Yawmiyat Akram Zuʻaytir: al-haraka al-wataniyya al-filastiniyya, 1935—1939 ［The diaries of Akram Zuaytir: The Palestinian national movement, 1935—1939］ (Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1980), pp.27-30.
41. Ibid., p.29.
42. Ibid., pp.32-33.
43. 轉引自Wilson, King Abdullah, Britain, and the Making of Jordan, p.119。
